Voids inside solder joints are the quiet killer. They don't show up in a visual inspection — the joint looks fine from the outside. They surface later, as a failure in the field: a thermal cycling...

A board can assemble perfectly and still fail in the field. Wrong firmware loaded at the factory. A dead channel on an interface. A marginal voltage that only shows up under load. Solder joints are fi...

Both machines exist to solder through-hole components, and both are called "wave soldering" by people who've never had to choose between them. They are not the same tool. Pick wrong and ...

On high-density interconnect (HDI) boards, taking line width and spacing down to 3mil means you can route more signals in less space. That's smaller products, shorter signal paths, and cleaner hig...

Going from a bare idea to a production-ready PCBA isn't one step. It's a chain of stages, and each link exists to catch problems while they're still cheap to fix. Skip a stage to save a we...

A 01005 resistor is barely bigger than a grain of sand — about 0.4 mm by 0.2 mm. A BGA package hides every one of its pins underneath the body, where no camera angle can confirm the joints after place...

A humanoid robot is not one big printed circuit board. It's a village of them. Joint drives, sensor fusion boards, power management, motor control, communication — a single humanoid carries dozens...

Lots of boards look great in the CAD tool and fight you on the line. The gap between "design" and "manufacturable" is exactly where DFM — design for manufacturability — earns its k...