The advantages of fast turnaround time and relatively low cost offered by gate arrays is counterbalanced by several problems....

The programming of field programmable logic devices is implemented directly via a computer. The software needed for PALs and PLAs is usually a simple matter of producing a programming file called a fu...

This is the traditional method of designing integrated circuits. With a standard cell and gate array the lowest level that the design is performed at is the logic gate level, i.e. NAND, NOR, D-Type, e...

​So far we have seen two extremes in the design options available to a digital designer-namely standard products and mask programmable ASICs....

Introduction to asunchronous sequential circuit design...

To divide the counters we will look at into two types: asynchronous and synchro- nous. When used with respect to counters' these adjectives describe whether the Alip-flops holding the states of the ci...

​The ‘memory’ of previous outputs in an asynchronous sequential circuit is provided by direct feedback from the internal output(s), Y, to the internal input(s), y, of the combinational logic block. Th...

For an asynchronous circuit to be of use it must have more than one external input (otherwise all the circuit has to respond to is a signal alternately changing its value from 0 to 1 to and so on). If...