A CMOS inverter is shown in Fig. 9.11. It consists of one NMOS and one PMOS transistor. The PMOS device is indicated by the negation sign (i.e. a bubble) on its gate and has a negative threshold volta...

The Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (or MOSFET) has proved over the past 15 years to be a very attractive alternative to the BJT. In recent years the MOSFET has become the preferred ...

The low-power Schottky clamped TTL logic family (74LS series) was released i〇 1975. This, as the name suggests, has a lower power dissipation than the 74S series. A circuit diagram for a two-input NAN...

The standard TTL series has a typical propagation delay of 10ns (the term propagation delay was introduced in Chapter 4 and will be covered in more detail later hauler) By this we mean that when an in...

At the output of all gates there is a capacitive load (CL) caused by the input capacitance of the next stage. This could be a printed circuit board interconnect or quite simply an oscilloscope lead....

Diode transistor logicThe DTL or diode transistor logic first became available commercially in 1962. The circuit diagram for a two-input DTL NAND gate is shown in Fig. 9.2(a) and although it is no lon...

The bipolar junction transistor or BJT as it is more commonly known can be considered in digital terms as a simple single-pole switch. It physically consists of three layers of semiconductor (which ca...

So far we have seen how to design both combinational and sequential circuits. These will, on paper, successfully perform many different functions but may well fail if the practicality of the hardware ...