I NTRODUCTION OF PCB MATERIALSThe materials used to make PCBs are very important. And because the price of different material can vary from 10% to 100%, so the price differences of PCBs made by differ...

Electric charge is nothing but flow of electrons from one object to another. We all know that an atom is made up of electrons, protons and neutrons (look at the diagram on the right that explains the ...

Lead-Free Solder: Solder with NO Lead (Pb). Lead-Free is taking rapid momentum around the world after the EU (European Union) Directives to wipe off lead (Poison) from electronic soldering considering...

Equipment unique to surface mounting includes inspection and repair / rework equipment. Inspection equipment for surface mounting in electronics has not matured yet. There are two main types of automa...

There are three types of Surface Mounting: Type 1, Type II and Type III.For Type III surface mount, components glued to the bottom of the board require curing before wave soldering. In addition, ...

A reflow soldering equipment / machine is the second major equipment after pick-and-place machine in any SMT line.There are many reflow soldering methods and each method has advantages and disadvantag...

Wave soldering is the most widely used method in electronics industry for soldering through-hole electronic components. Components glued to the bottom of a mixed-technology PCB require...

After soldering, the electronic assemblies must be cleaned to remove excess solder flux. The subjects of flux and cleaning are closely intertwined. The selection of solvent and cleaning equipment...