The bipolar junction transistor or BJT as it is more commonly known can be considered in digital terms as a simple single-pole switch. It physically consists of three layers of semiconductor (which ca...

So far we have seen how to design both combinational and sequential circuits. These will, on paper, successfully perform many different functions but may well fail if the practicality of the hardware ...

Now we shall design a D-type based circuit that will count up or down, under the control of a single external input, through the first five prime numbers (in binary). We must ensure that the circuit w...

The general form of a synchronous sequential circuit is shown in Fig. 8.1. To recap, this has: external inputs, A, and outputs, Z; a combinational block can be considered in two parts; and 'memory’ in...

Synchronous sequential circuits were introduced in Section 5.1 where firstly sequential circuits as a whole (being circuits with ‘memory’) and then the differences between asynchronous and synchronous...

Since for this type of counter in general we need the input to the nth T-type used to construct the circuit to be TN=Q0 *Q2*…QN-1, = TN-1* QN-1 it is clear there are two ways in which the steering log...

Synchronous binary counters are arguably the simplest sequential synchronous circuits. They use the flip-flops to store the circuit's count state and (usually) have no external inputs. Thus the next s...

A mod-W (or divide-by-N) asynchronous counter, where N=T, will count up to (N- 1) (an output of all 1’s) before resetting to all 0*s and beginning the count sequence again....